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Novelty, Knox County
Field Day
*Our previous Field Day was held August 13, 2009
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Randall Smoot
P.O. Box 126
Novelty, MO 63460
Phone: 660-739-4410
Email: SmootR@missouri.edu
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Biology and Control of Poison Hemlock
Systems.
Reid J. Smeda
Associate Professor |
Carl A. Woodard
Graduate Research Assistant |
Background:
Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) is a
biennial invasive weed native to Europe, northern
Africa, and western Asia. In the 1800’s, it was
introduced to the United States as an ornamental.
Then, it has distributed itself throughout most of
North America and occurs in nearly every state in
the United States. It is primarily located in low,
moist areas, where soil is disturbed frequently.
Toxicity to livestock is the main concern with
poison hemlock. Ingestion of one to two pounds
of leaves, on a fresh weight basis, is a lethal dose
for cattle up to 1000 pounds. Younger, smaller
animals are more susceptible to poisoning.
Visibility is an issue al ong railroad crossings and
intersections because of its height.
Biology:
Poison hemlock can invade roadsides, pastures, streams, ditch banks and many other non-cropping
areas. Plants reproduce solely by seed, and dispersal likely occurs by mowing. The peak
emergence period of poison hemlock occurs from late summer to early spring if conditions are
favorable. Once emerged, poison hemlock grows into a rosette for one season and then bolts,
extending one long shoot with several branches. A fully mature plant can reach heights of 10 feet.
Objectives:
- Determine poison hemlock response to different herbicides.
- Identify germination periods of poison hemlock.
- Determine seed production per plant and dormancy characteristics.
Results:
Two locations were used for the herbicide study, one at the Maple Leaf Lake Conservation Area in
Higginsville, MO, and the other at the intersection of Highway 63 and blacktop H, just south of
Columbia, MO. Trials were set up in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications.
Applications were made on the 29th of March, 2006. Control evaluations were taken 2, 4, 8 and 12
weeks after treatment (WAT). Sixteen treatments were selected for this study using labeled rates
for poison hemlock or similar weed. First year results show that treatments were consistent
between both locations. It took several weeks for most of the treatments to show acceptable control
(>85%). At 4 WAT, Cimmaron Ma x and Roundup Original Max resulted in 70% control. At 12
WAT Cimmaron, Cimmaron Max, Journey and Telar DF resulted in 100% control. Plateau,
Redeem R+P, Remedy and Roundup Original Max at 12 WAT all yielded visible control greater
than 85%. Milestone and Overdrive resulted in less than 30% control 12 WAT. Seedling counts in
selected treatments were taken to determine which compound resulted with the best residual activity
of poison hemlock. As of now there are no significant differences in the counts, however the counts
will continue thru fall of 2006.
2006 Field Day Report
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