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Randall Smoot
P.O. Box 126
Novelty, MO 63460
Phone: 660-739-4410
Email: SmootR@missouri.edu
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February 22, 2001
RESIDUE MANAGEMENT AND PLANTING DATE AFFECT
NO-TILL, DOUBLE-CROPPED DRY EDIBLE BEAN GRAIN YIELD
(DB0200)
K. Nelson, R. Smoot, C. Bliefert, and M. Kittle
Wheat production in Northern Missouri has been declining due to low profitability and high risk associated with double-crop soybean. Low rainfall and early frost often limits double-crop soybean production. Double-crop dry edible bean was explored as an alternative to soybean. Dry edible bean is staple crop in several areas of the world and is commonly grown under contract with processors. The University of Missouri has evaluated full season dry edible bean varieties in 1995, 1996, and 1997. Navy bean grain yield ranged from 2.5 to 15.8 cwt/acre depending on variety and year. Limited research on double-crop dry edible bean was available to Missouri farmers. Pink beans, ‘UI-537' and ‘Viva', were selected based on a potential market. The pink bean varieties were vining types which could provide challenges for producers desiring a direct harvest system.
We hypothesized that wheat stubble might provide mechanical support for vining dry edible bean which could allow direct harvest and dry edible bean production in a double-crop production system. An upright, bush navy bean variety, ‘Seafarer', was selected as a control. All of the selected varieties were early maturing to avoid frost injury. Wheat was harvested early this year; therefore, two dry edible bean planting dates were evaluated. The objectives of this research were to determine if residue management and planting date affected double-crop dry edible bean production.
Figure 1. Dry edible bean planted into standing wheat stubble. | Wheat was partially lodged and was mowed to a ten inch height to maintain consistency in the plot area. This study was arranged as a split-split plot with four replications. The main plot was residue management. Plots were mowed to ground level or had standing stubble (Figure 1).
The sub-plot was planting date (June 30 and July 10) and sub-sub plot was variety (‘Viva', ‘UI-537', and ‘Seafarer'). Sub-sub plot size was 10 by 28 ft. Dry edible bean were no-till planted at 135,000 seeds/acre in 30 in. rows with a John Deere planter equipped with Yetter no-till coulters and residue cleaners. No-till coulters were set as deep as possible to penetrate wheat stubble and allow good seed to soil contact. Starter fertilizer was applied with the planter at 40-40-40 lbs actual/acre. Soil was a silty clay loam with 3.4% organic matter and 6.5 pH. The plot area was maintained weed-free. Dry edible bean were harvested with a small-plot combine. Harvest date was adjusted for each cultivar and planting date (Table 1). Final yield was adjusted to 18% moisture.
Figure 2. Double-crop dry edible bean flowered 32 days after planting. |
The June and July planting dates initiated flowering on August 1 and 14 (Figure 2), respectively (personal observation). No-till dry edible bean with standing stubble were 23 to 25% taller than beans with mowed stubble (Table 2). The highest yielding treatment was the June planting date with standing stubble. Grain yield in plots with standing stubble was 15% greater than the mowed stubble treatment. Dry edible bean raised in standing stubble lodged (personal observation), but had more vegetative growth than mowed stubble treatments. ‘UI-537' grain yield was 8.9 cwt/acre (Table 3). Grain yield was similar between varieties.
Additional data evaluating dry edible bean production in Northeast Missouri is needed to determine if this crop is an economically viable option for farmers in a double-crop production system. Additional information on these and other crops is available from your local extension agronomist (website). In Northeast Missouri, contact Dr. Leon McIntyre (Linn Co.), Dr. Alix Carpenter (Marion Co.), or Eldon Dilworth (Knox Co.).
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Table 1. Double-crop dry edible bean harvest date.
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| | Harvest date |
| Planting date | Cultivar | September 13 | September 18 | October 10 |
| June 30 | Viva | | x | |
| | UI-537 | x | |
| | Seafarer | x | |
| July 10 | Viva | | | x
| | UI-537 | | x |
| | Seafarer | | x |
| | | | |
Table 2. Double-crop dry edible bean height on August 4. Height and grain yield were averaged over cultivar.
| | Height | Yield
| Stubble management> | June 30 planting date (35 days after planting) | July 10 planting date (25 days after planting)
| June 30 planting date
| July 10 planting date
| | | --------in.-------- | --------cwt/acre--------
| No-till | 11.6 | 6.1 | 9.3 | 8.6
| Mowed stubble | 8.7 | 4.7 | 7.9 | 8.4
| LSD (p<0.05) | --------0.7-------- | --------1.0--------
| | | | | |
Table 3. Double-crop dry edible bean height on August 4 and grain yield. Height and grain yield were averaged over residue management system and planting date.
| Cultivar | Height | Yield
| | --------in.-------- | --------cwt/acre--------
| Viva | 7.5 | 8.0
| UI-537 | 8.4 | 8.9
| Seafarer | 7.3 | 8.8
| LSD (p<0.05) | --------0.8-------- | --------NS--------
| | | | | | |
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